Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: WJSV Radio
Entire Broadcast Day 9/21/1939 MP3 CD, Download, USB Drive
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16: National Fudge Day: -- "Oh,
fudge!" said a confectioner who flubbed while making caramel,
ending up creating something equally tasty! Ever hear anyone
exclaim, "Oh, fudge!" when they've screwed something up?
Like the Slinky, the Post-It note, potato chips, and penicillin,
the dense candy-like treat known as fudge is believed to have been
a mistake. According to legend, a confectioner flubbed while
trying to make caramel, but ended up creating something just as
tasty. Fudge also has historical ties to female scholars in the
late 19th and early 20th century, when recipes for it spread like
wildfire among students at women's colleges such as Vassar,
Wellesley, and Smith. One student made 30 pounds of the stuff for
the Vassar Senior Auction in 1890! The earliest documented mention
of fudge can be found in a letter composed by Emelyn Hartridge,
who was studying at the time at Vassar College, located in
Poughkeepsie, New York. The letter detailed that fudge had been
made and sold in a grocery store in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1886.
At the time, the cost of 40 cents per pound of fudge. From here,
word of chocolate fudge spread to other women's colleges and
eventually became very popular in the US. In fact, many people
believe that the first incidence of fudge may have been a mistake.
It seems it could have been an intended batch of caramels that
went awry, or "fudged". That would make sense of the way
we still use the term "fudging" something today. Other
fudge recipes in the USA can be traced back to the late nineteenth
and early twentieth centuries. Mackinac Island, which is a popular
vacation spot located off of the Upper Peninsula in northern
Michigan, is a place that is well-known for its fudge-making
prowess. Shops have been selling fudge here to summer vacationers
since the late nineteenth century. Mackinac Island Fudge (as well
as a delicious version of ice cream, including vanilla ice cream
blended with small chunks of fudge) is still sold on the island
and in surrounding areas today. Modern fudge recipes remain
largely unaltered from the originals that came about more than 150
years ago. National Fudge Day is the perfect opportunity to
celebrate the delightful and delicious beauty of making and eating
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Saddam's
War On Wildlife: Gulf War DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16: World Sea Turtle Day: --
Celebrated to raise awareness about the plight of sea turtles. Did
you know that every year, about eight tonnes of plastic are dumped
in our oceans? That is extremely hazardous to sea turtles, so much
so that six out of eight marine turtle species are on the verge of
extinction. There are many other threats to sea turtles, such as
encroachment of coastal development on nesting beaches, marine
pollutants, accidental drowning on fishing gear, and the
international turtle meat trade. Join hands with us to raise
awareness about this important issue and save lives.World Sea
Turtle Day is observed on July 16, the birthday of Dr. Archie
Carr, known as the "father of sea turtle biology." Dr.
Carr is well-known for devoting his entire career to the research
and conservation of sea turtles. Sea turtles are among the oldest
creatures on Earth, having remained ?unchanged for 110 million
years. Most information on these creatures has focused on their
nesting females and hatchlings, but new research techniques, such
as satellite tracking technology, have allowed scientists to gain
insights into their lives. During summers, turtles follow an
ancient reproductive ritual, in which the female leaves the sea
and crawls to shore to dig a nest in the sand. The female turtle
uses her rear flippers to dig the nest hole and then lays about
100 eggs. After laying the eggs, the turtle covers them and
camouflages the nest site before returning to the ocean. Nesting
turtles may return to the nesting site for laying eggs several
times and usually nest every two to three years. Temperature has a
significant impact on the sea turtle sex ratio. Warmer
temperatures produce more females, while cooler temperatures are
found to produce more males. Eggs hatch after an incubation of two
months. The hatching moves towards the sea in the night by using
the bright view of the night sky. Artificial lights can distract
the hatchlings from finding their way to the ocean. On Sale @ 15%
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: James
Joyce's Ulysses + Portrait Of The Artist DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16, 1904: Bloomsday: -- Irish author
James Joyce begins a relationship with Nora Barnacle and
subsequently uses the date to set the actions for his novel
Ulysses; this date is now traditionally called "Bloomsday".
Bloomsday is a commemoration and celebration of the life of Irish
writer James Joyce, during which the events of his novel Ulysses
(which is set on 16 June 1904) are relived. It is observed
annually on June 16 in Dublin and elsewhere. Joyce chose the date
as it was the date of his first outing with his wife-to-be, Nora
Barnacle; they walked to the Dublin suburb of Ringsend, where Nora
masturbated him. The name is derived from Leopold Bloom, the
protagonist of Ulysses. The English compound word Bloomsday is
usually used in Irish as well, though some publications call it La
Bloom. James Joyce's Ulysses is recognized as one of the most
important works of modernist literature generally and the greatest
novel ever written particularly, and has been largely considered a
catalyst for the entire movement. Today, people in Ireland and
Joyce fan's around the world celebrate with festivals, readings,
dramatizations, pub crawls, and more to honor a man who changed
literature forever. The first mention of a Bloomsday celebration
was found in a letter written by Joyce himself to Miss Weaver in
1924, which refers to "a group of people who observed what
they call Bloom's Day on June 16." The story was originally
serialized in parts in the American journal, "The Little
Review," where the events in "Ulysses" tend to
parallel that of Homer's epic, "The Odyssey." While in
"The Odyssey" Odysseus has a 10-year journey home to his
wife, Penelope, in contrast, the story of Leopold Bloom is about
him trying to avoid going home to his wife. Although the story
does not contain mythical gods, goddesses, or sirens, it does
follow an average man dealing with everyday life in what can be
described as somewhat grotesque realism. "Ulysses" has,
on the one hand, been called "the most prominent landmark in
modernist literature," a work where life's complexities are
depicted with "unprecedented, and unequaled, linguistic and
stylistic virtuosity" by T.S. Eliot and, on the other hand,
"a heap of dung, crawling with worms, photographed by a
cinema camera through a microscope" by Virginia Woolf. It has
been reinterpreted in a number of different ways across the world
and still is referenced as a classic piece of literature that
cannot be forgotten. While the fictional June 16, 1904, follows
the dysfunctional life of the character, Leopold Bloom, the day in
James Joyce's life was quite a pleasant one. It was the first
outing he went on with his future muse and wife, Nora Barnacle,
with whom he shared a loving and passionate relationship
throughout his life. Famous artist John Ryan and popular novelist
Brian O'Nolan came together to organize the first official
Bloomsday back in 1954. They celebrated the day in Dublin by
taking a pilgrimage along the routes mentioned in "Ulysses."
They were accompanied by James Joyce's cousin, his brother Tom
Joyce, and Patrick Kavanagh. A.J. Leventhal and Anthony Cronin
also joined the journey as they were the ones steering the two
horse-drawn carriages inside which the rest of the group were
sitting. Every member was assigned a character from the novel and
they all participated in a sort of role-playing. A.J. Levanthal
portrayed Leopold Bloom, Brian O'Nolan portrayed Simon Dedalus,
John Ryan portrayed Martin Cunningham and Anthony Cronin portrayed
Stephen Dedalus. Starting from Martello Tower (as of 2024, the
home of Irish singer and songrwiter Enya), their plan was to end
at Nighttown just as it has been described in the novel. Sadly,
they didn't complete the pilgrimage and cut it short at the
midpoint due to them all getting too drunk to even take a step
further. Since that day, National Bloomsday has been celebrated as
one of the biggest festivals in Ireland and is also commemorated
all over the world by Joyce enthusiasts. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Our
Hospitality (1923) Buster Keaton Carl Davis DVD, Download, USB
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16: International Waterfall Day: --
Celebrates these magnificent and scenic natural beauties!
Waterfalls are found all around the world and are incredibly
important to the local communities living around them. The cascade
of water is not just a wonder for the eyes but they also have a
majestic quality to them that's indescribable. Imagine trekking
for miles, drenched in sweat and beaten down by the sun, only to
finally walk through a clearing and look up at the sky to see what
looks like water pouring from the heavens. A waterfall is usually
defined as a point in a river where the water flows over a steep
drop. As there are many types and methods used to classify
waterfalls, what constitutes a waterfall continues to be debated.
Despite being such an important part of human lives and history,
waterfalls have not been very much researched, although Alexander
von Humboldt did write about them in the 1820s. There is no name
for the specific field of researching waterfalls but it is popular
to describe studying waterfalls as 'waterfallology.' European
explorers used to document the waterfalls they came across. In
1493, Christopher Columbus wrote about Carbet Falls in Guadeloupe,
which could be the first waterfall Europeans recorded seeing in
the Americas. However, Geographer Brian J. Hudson suggests that it
was uncommon to specifically name waterfalls until the 18th
century. This trend of, specifically, Europeans naming waterfalls
is following people's increased scientific focus on nature at the
time, the rise of Romanticism, and the increased importance of
hydropower due to the Industrial Revolution. However, European
explorers would often ignore the names native peoples had
originally given these waterfalls in favor of a more 'European'
name. For example, Scottish physician and explorer David
Livingstone named Victoria Falls after Queen Victoria, even though
it was already known as Mosi-oa-Tunya by the people native to the
area. Waterfall exploration continues to this day. Waterfalls are
visited by people in droves mainly because they make great tourist
sites; it is not just because they are beautiful, but also because
they are relatively uncommon. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Apartheid
Documentaries Collection DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16, 1976: Youth Day (South Africa)
(International Day Of The African Child): -- The Soweto Uprising:
A non-violent march by 15,000 black children from various schools
in the Johannesburg township of Soweto, South Africa begins with a
morning protest in the streets of Soweto, in response to the
introduction of Afrikaans as the medium of instruction in black
schools. Ultimately some 20,000 students took part in the
protests, and when they were met with fierce police brutality when
police opened fire on the crowd, many were shot and killed
(usually estimated as 176 killed, with estimates as high as 700),
resulting in three days of riots, lasting until June 18th. In
remembrance of these events, June is 16 now a public holiday in
South Africa, named Youth Day. The Soweto Uprising of June 16,
1976, which began in Soweto and extended across the country,
forever altered South Africa's socio-political scene. The events
that sparked the rebellion can be traced back to the Apartheid
government's policy, which resulted in the passage of the Bantu
Education Act back in 1953. Many students' political awareness was
enhanced by the rise of the Black Consciousness Movement (B.C.M.)
and the founding of the South African Students Organisation
(SASO), while others joined the tide of the anti-Apartheid
movement via the student community. When Afrikaans was established
as a mandatory instructional medium in schools alongside English
in 1974, black students started to protest. On June 16, 1976,
approximately 3,000 to 10,000 students were assembled by the South
African Students Movement's Action Committee, which was sponsored
by the B.C.M., to peacefully oppose the government's mandate. The
march was supposed to end with a gathering at Orlando Stadium.
They were intercepted by armed officers who shot tear gas and
eventually live bullets on demonstrating students as they made
their way down the streets. As a result, a massive rebellion
ensued. While the revolt started in Soweto, it quickly swept
throughout the country and lasted until the next year. The
Apartheid administration experienced severe consequences as a
result of their actions on June 16, 1976. Pictures of police
attacking peaceful demonstrators, many of them students, sparked
international outrage, exposing South Africa's brutality.
Furthermore, the crippled and exiled freedom forces gained fresh
recruits escaping political repression, thereby reviving the
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The World:
A Television History Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16, 455: Rome: Ancient Rome: The
Western Roman Empire: The Fall Of The Western Roman Empire (The
Fall Of The Roman Empire, The Fall Of Rome): The Sack Of Rome
(455) (June 2-16, 455): -- The Vandals, led by king Genseric,
complete their plunder Rome. Pope Leo I requests Genseric not
destroy the ancient city or murder its citizens. He agrees and the
gates of Rome are opened. However, the Vandals loot a great amount
of treasure. The Sack of 455 was the third of four ancient sacks
of Rome. It was conducted by the Vandals, a Roman-era Germanic
people who first appear in written records as inhabiting
present-day southern Poland, who were at the time at war with
Petronius Maximus, the usurping Western Roman Emperor for two and
a half months who as a wealthy senator and a prominent aristocrat
was instrumental in the murders of the Western Roman Magister
Militum (Latin: Master of the Soldiers, a top-level military
command used in the later Roman Empire), Flavius Aetius, and the
Western Roman Emperor, Valentinian III. Maximus secured the throne
the day after Valentinian's death by ensuring the backing of the
senate and by bribing the palace officials. He strengthened his
position by forcing Valentinian's widow, Licinia Eudoxia, to marry
him, and by forcing Valentinian's daughter, Eudocia, to marry his
son, to strengthen his bond with the Theodosian dynasty. He
cancelled the betrothal of his new wife's daughter to the son of
the Vandal king Genseric. The murder, the cancellation of
Genseric's betrothal and both forced marriages infuriated Eudoxia,
Eudocia and Genseric alike, and so Eudoxia turned to aid from the
Vandals to remove Maximus from his undeserved throne. The overture
was favorably met, because Maximus' revolution was damaging to
Genseric's ambitions. The king of the Vandals claimed that the
broken betrothal between Huneric and Eudocia invalidated his peace
treaty with Valentinian, and he set sail with his fleet to attack
Rome, landing at Ostia at the mouth of the Tiber. Before
approaching the city, the Vandals knocked down all of the city's
aqueducts. At the sight of the approaching Vandals, Maximus.
having failed to obtain troops from the Visigoths (an early
Germanic people who along with the Ostrogoths constituted the two
major political entities of the Goths within the Roman Empire in
Late Antiquity, or what is known as the Migration Period), along
with his soldiers, tried to flee the city, but he was spotted and
killed by a Roman mob outside the city, possibly together with his
son Palladius. Upon the Vandal arrival, according to the
chronicler Prosper of Aquitaine, Pope Leo I requested that
Genseric not destroy the ancient city nor murder its inhabitants.
Genseric agreed and the gates of Rome were thrown open to him and
his men. While Genseric kept his promise not to burn the city and
slaughter its inhabitants, he did carry some off to be slaves, and
during that time Genseric managed to capture Empress Licinia
Eudoxia, Valentinian's widow, and her daughters, Eudocia and
Placidia as they tried to escape. Eudoxia and her children were
the last of Rome's imperial family. Eudocia would later marry
Huneric. It is accepted that Genseric looted great amounts of
treasure from the city, damaging objects of cultural significance
such as the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus by stripping away
the gilt bronze roof tiles. There is, however, some debate over
the severity of the Vandal sack. The sack of 455 is generally seen
as being more thorough than the Visigothic sack of 410 because the
Vandals plundered Rome for fourteen days whereas the Visigoths
spent only three days in the city. A cause of significant
controversy is the claim that the sack was relatively "clean",
in that there was little murder and violence, and the Vandals did
not burn the buildings of the city. This interpretation seems to
stem from Prosper's claim that Pope Leo I managed to persuade
Genseric to refrain from violence. However, Victor of Vita records
that a number of shiploads of captives arrived in Africa from
Rome, with the purpose of being sold into slavery. Similarly, the
Byzantine historian Procopius reports that a church was burned
down. Some modern historians like John Henry Haaren stated that
temples, public buildings, private houses and even the emperor's
palace were sacked. Besides taking many Romans as slaves, the
Vandals also committed other depredations like taking immense
quantities of gold, silver, jewels and furniture, destroying works
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
American Adventure: TV History Series 1607-1876 DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16, 1755: The Anglo-French Wars
(1109-1815): The Second Hundred Years' War (1689-1815): The Sixty
Years' War (French: Guerre De Soixante Ans) (1754-1815): The Seven
Years' War (1756-1763): The French And Indian War: The Battle Of
Fort Beausejour: -- The French surrender Fort Beausejour to the
British, leading to the expulsion of the Acadians; after the
passage of centuries, a significant number of their their
descendants would be best known to Americans as Cajuns, and their
greatest concentration in America would be in the city of New
Orleans, Louisiana, home of the birth of Jazz and the modern
musical styles that eventually developed from it, ultimately
spreading throughout America and worldwide in its popularity and
influence on popular culture. The Battle of Fort Beausejour was
fought on the Isthmus of Chignecto and marked the end of Father Le
Loutre's War (1749-1755) and the opening of a British offensive in
the Acadia/ Nova Scotia theatre of the Seven Years' War
(1756-1763), which would eventually lead to the end of the French
Empire in North America. The battle also reshaped the settlement
patterns of the Atlantic region, and laid the groundwork for the
modern province of New Brunswick. Beginning June 3, 1755, a
British army under Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Monckton staged out
of nearby Fort Lawrence, besieged the small French garrison at
Fort Beausejour with the goal of opening the Isthmus of Chignecto
to British control. Control of the isthmus was crucial to the
French because it was the only gateway between Quebec and
Louisbourg during the winter months. After two weeks of siege,
Louis Du Pont Duchambon de Vergor, the fort's commander,
capitulated on June 16. The French And Indian War (1754-63)
comprised the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years'
War of 1756-63. It pitted the colonies of British America against
those of New France. Both sides were supported by military units
from their parent countries, as well as by American Indian allies.
At the start of the war, the French North American colonies had a
population of roughly 60,000 settlers, compared with 2 million in
the British North American colonies. The outnumbered French
particularly depended on the Indians. The European nations
declared war on one another in 1756 following months of localized
conflict, escalating the war from a regional affair into an
intercontinental conflict. Father Le Loutre's War (1749-1755),
also known as the Indian War, the Micmac War and the Anglo-Micmac
War, took place between King George's War (1744-1748) and the
French And Indian War (1754-1763) in Acadia and Nova Scotia. On
one side of the conflict, the British and New England colonists
were led by British Officer Charles Lawrence and New England
Ranger John Gorham. On the other side, Father Jean-Louis Le Loutre
led the Mi'kmaq Native Americans and the Acadia militia in
guerrilla warfare against settlers and British forces. At the
outbreak of the war there were an estimated 2,500 Mi'kmaq and
12,000 Acadians in the region. Fort Beausejour is a large
five-bastioned star fort on the Isthmus of Chignecto, a neck of
land connecting present-day New Brunswick with Nova Scotia,
Canada. The site was strategically important in Acadia, a French
colony that included parts of what is now Quebec, The Maritimes,
and northern Maine. It was built by the French from 1751 to 1752.
When it was surrendered to the British in 1755 after the Battle of
Fort Beausejour it was renamed Fort Cumberland. The fort played an
important role in the Anglo-French rivalry of 1749-63 and in the
1776 Battle of Fort Cumberland when sympathisers of the American
Revolution were repulsed. Today the site is a National Historic
Site of Canada, named the Fort Beausejour - Fort Cumberland
National Historic Site. Portions of the fort have been restored. A
museum at the site depicts the conflicts between France and
Britain in the 1700s, and the later struggle between America and
Britain. The site sees about 6000 visitors each year. The
Expulsion of the Acadians, also known as the Great Upheaval, the
Great Expulsion, the Great Deportation and Le Grand Derangement,
was the forced removal by the British of the Acadian people from
the present day Canadian Maritime provinces of Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, Prince Edward Island- parts of an area also known as
Acadia. The Expulsion (1755-1764) occurred during the French And
Indian War (the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War)
and was part of the British military campaign against New France.
The British first deported Acadians to the Thirteen Colonies, and
after 1758 transported additional Acadians to Britain and France.
In all, of the 14,100 Acadians in the region, approximately 11,500
Acadians were deported (a census of 1764 indicates that 2,600
Acadians remained in the colony, presumably having eluded capture.
During the War of the Spanish Succession, the British captured
Port Royal, the capital of the colony, in a siege. The 1713 Treaty
of Utrecht, which concluded the conflict, ceded the colony to
Great Britain while allowing the Acadians to keep their lands.
Over the next forty-five years, however, the Acadians refused to
sign an unconditional oath of allegiance to Britain. During the
same period, some also participated in various military operations
against the British, and maintained supply lines to the French
fortresses of Louisbourg and Fort Beausejour. As a result, the
British sought to eliminate any future military threat posed by
the Acadians and to permanently cut the supply lines they provided
to Louisbourg by removing them from the area. Without making
distinctions between the Acadians who had been neutral and those
who had resisted the occupation of Acadia, the British governor
Charles Lawrence and the Nova Scotia Council ordered them to be
expelled. In the first wave of the expulsion, Acadians were
deported to other British colonies. During the second wave, they
were deported to Britain and France, from where they migrated to
Louisiana. Acadians fled initially to Francophone colonies such as
Canada, the uncolonized northern part of Acadia, Isle Saint-Jean
(present-day Prince Edward Island) and Isle Royale (present-day
Cape Breton Island). During the second wave of the expulsion,
these Acadians were either imprisoned or deported. Throughout the
expulsion, Acadians and the Wabanaki Confederacy continued a
guerrilla war against the British in response to British
aggression which had been continuous since 1744 (see King George's
War and Father Le Loutre's War). Along with the British achieving
their military goals of defeating Louisbourg and weakening the
Mi'kmaq and Acadian militias, the result of the Expulsion was the
devastation of both a primarily civilian population and the
economy of the region. Thousands of Acadians died in the
expulsions, mainly from diseases and drowning when ships were
lost. On July 11, 1764, the British government passed an
order-in-council to permit Acadians to legally return to British
territories, provided that they take an unqualified oath of
allegiance. The American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
memorialized the historic event in his poem about the plight of
the fictional character Evangeline, which was popular and made the
expulsion well known. According to Acadian historian Maurice
Basque, the story of Evangeline continues to influence historic
accounts of the deportation, emphasising neutral Acadians and
de-emphasising those who resisted the British Empire. The Acadians
(French: Acadiens) are the descendants of French colonists who
settled in Acadia during the 17th and 18th centuries, some of whom
are also descended from the Indigenous peoples of the region. The
colony was located in what is now Eastern Canada's Maritime
provinces (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island),
as well as part of Quebec, and present-day Maine to the Kennebec
River. Although today most of the Acadians and Quebecois are
French-speaking (francophone) Canadians, Acadia was a distinctly
separate colony of New France. It was geographically and
administratively separate from the French colony of Canada
(modern-day Quebec). As a result, the Acadians and Quebecois
developed two distinct histories and cultures. They also developed
a slightly different French language. France has one official
language and to accomplish this they have an administration in
charge of the language. Since the Acadians were separated from
this council, their French language evolved independently, and
Acadians retain several elements of 17th-century French that have
been lost in France. The settlers whose descendants became
Acadians came from many areas in France, but especially regions
such as Ile-de-France, Normandy, Brittany, Poitou and Aquitaine.
Acadian family names have come from many areas in France. For
example, the Maillets are from Paris; the LeBlancs of Normandy;
the surname Melanson is from Brittany, and those with the surnames
Bastarache and Basque came from Aquitaine. During the French And
Indian War (the North American theater of the Seven Years' War),
British colonial officers suspected Acadians were aligned with
France after finding some Acadians fighting alongside French
troops at Fort Beausejour. Though most Acadians remained neutral
during the French And Indian War, the British, together with New
England legislators and militia, carried out the Great Expulsion
(Le Grand Derangement) of the Acadians during the 1755-1764
period. They deported approximately 11,500 Acadians from the
maritime region. Approximately one-third perished from disease and
drowning. The result was what one historian described as an ethnic
cleansing of the Acadians from Maritime Canada. Other historians
indicate that it was a deportation similar to other deportations
of the time period. Most Acadians were deported to various
American colonies, where many were forced into servitude, or
marginal lifestyles. Some Acadians were deported to England, sent
to the Caribbean, and some were deported to France. After being
expelled to France, many Acadians were eventually recruited by the
Spanish government to migrate to present day Louisiana state
(known then as Spanish colonial Luisiana), where they developed
what became known as Cajun culture. In time, some Acadians
returned to the Maritime provinces of Canada, mainly to New
Brunswick because they were barred by the British from resettling
their lands and villages in what became Nova Scotia. Before the US
Revolutionary War, the Crown settled New England Planters in
former Acadian communities and farmland as well as Loyalists after
the war (including nearly 3,000 Black Loyalists, who were freed
slaves). British policy was to assimilate Acadians with the local
populations where they resettled. Acadians speak a dialect of
French called Acadian French. Many of those in the Moncton area
speak Chiac and English. The Louisiana Cajun descendants speak a
dialect of American English called Cajun English, with many also
speaking Cajun French, a close relative of the original dialect
from Canada influenced by Spanish and West African languages. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Abraham
Lincoln Radio Show MP3 Set CD, Audio Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16, 1858: The Origins Of The
American Civil War (The Civil War, The War Between The States):
Events Leading To The American Civil War: Slavery: Slavery In The
United States: First Publications: Lincoln's House Divided Speech
(The House Divided Speech ): -- Future POTUS Abraham Lincoln
delivers his House Divided Speech at what was then the Illinois
State Capitol in Springfield, Illinois, after he had accepted the
Illinois Republican Party's nomination as that state's US senator.
The speech became the launching point for his unsuccessful
campaign for the seat, held by Stephen A. Douglas; the campaign
would climax with the Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858. Lincoln's
remarks in Springfield created an image of the danger of
slavery-based disunion, and it rallied Republicans across the
North. Along with the Gettysburg Address and his second inaugural
address, the speech became one of the best-known speeches of his
career. The best-known passage of the speech is this: "A
house divided against itself, cannot stand. I believe this
government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I
do not expect the Union to be dissolved - I do not expect the
house to fall - but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It
will become all one thing or all the other. Either the opponents
of slavery will arrest the further spread of it, and place it
where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the
course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates will push it
forward, till it shall become lawful in all the States, old as
well as new - North as well as South." Lincoln's goals were
to differentiate himself from Douglas - the incumbent - and to
voice a prophecy publicly. Douglas had long advocated popular
sovereignty under which the settlers in each new territory would
decide their own status as a slave or free state; he had
repeatedly asserted that the proper application of popular
sovereignty would prevent slavery-induced conflict and would allow
northern and southern states to resume their peaceful coexistence.
Lincoln, however, responded that the Dred Scott decision had
closed the door on Douglas's preferred option, leaving the Union
with only two remaining outcomes: the country would inevitably
become either all slave or all free. Now that the North and the
South had come to hold distinct opinions in the question of
slavery, and now the issue had come to permeate every other
political question, the Union would soon no longer be able to
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: New York
City History Documentary Collection MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16, 1884: Amusement Rides: Roller
Coasters: The Switchback Railway: -- The first purpose-built
roller coaster, LaMarcus Adna Thompson' "Switchback Railway",
opens in New York's Coney Island amusement park in Brooklyn, New
York City. The 1885 patent states the invention relates to the
gravity double track switchback railway, which had predicated the
inclined plane railway, patented in 1878 by Richard Knudsen. Coney
Island's version was designed by LaMarcus Adna Thompson in 1881
and constructed in 1884. It appears Thompson based his design, at
least in part, on the Mauch Chunk Switchback Railway which was a
coal-mining train that had started carrying passengers as a thrill
ride in 1827. For five cents, riders would climb a tower to board
the large bench-like car and were pushed off to coast 600 ft (183
m) down the track to another tower. The car went just over 6 mph
(9.7 km/h). At the top of the other tower the vehicle was switched
to a return track or "switched back" (hence the name).
This track design was soon replaced with an oval complete-circuit
ride designed by Charles Alcoke and called the Serpentine Railway.
In 1885 Phillip Hinkle developed a lift system which appeared in
his ride called Gravity Pleasure. The Gravity Pleasure also
featured cars in which the passengers could face forward instead
of in the awkward bench-like seats of the first two roller
coasters. The next year, Thompson patented his design of coasters
that included dark tunnels with painted scenery. Thompson built
many more roller coasters under the name "The L.A. Thompson
Scenic Railway" across the United States. Some of these
operated until 1954. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Laurel And
Hardy Documentaries Collection DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16, 1890: #BOTD: #HBD! Stan Laurel,
English comic actor, writer and film director, who was part of the
comedy duo Laurel and Hardy (d. February 23, 1965) is #born Arthur
Stanley Jefferson in Ulverston, England. Stan Laurel appeared with
his comedy partner Oliver Hardy in 107 short films, feature films,
and cameo roles. Laurel began his career in music hall, where he
appropriated a number of his standard comic devices: the bowler
hat, the deep comic gravity and the nonsensical understatement.
His performances polished his skills at pantomime and music hall
sketches. Laurel was a member of "Fred Karno's Army",
where he was Charlie Chaplin's understudy. With Chaplin, the two
arrived in the United States on the same ship from the United
Kingdom with the Karno troupe. Laurel began his film career in
1917 and made his final appearance in 1951. From 1928 onwards, he
appeared exclusively with Hardy. Laurel officially retired from
the screen following his comedy partner's death in 1957. In 1961,
Laurel was given a Lifetime Achievement Academy Award for his
pioneering work in comedy. He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of
Fame at 7021 Hollywood Blvd. Laurel and Hardy ranked top among
best double acts and seventh overall in a 2005 UK poll to find the
Comedians' Comedian. In 2009, a bronze statue of the duo was
unveiled in Laurel's home town of Ulverston. Stan Laurel died in
Santa Monica, California aged 74, four days after suffering a
heart attack. He told his nurse that he would not mind going
skiing, and she replied that she was not aware that he was a
skier. "I'm not," said Laurel, "I'd rather be doing
that than getting all these needles stuck in me!" A few
minutes later he died quietly in his armchair. At his funeral
service at Church of the Hills, Buster Keaton said, "Chaplin
wasn't the funniest. I wasn't the funniest; this man was the
funniest." Dick Van Dyke gave the eulogy as a friend,
protege, and occasional impressionist of Laurel during his later
years; he read The Clown's Prayer": ========= As I stumble
through this life, help me to create more laughter than tears,
dispense more happiness than gloom, spread more cheer than
despair. Never let me become so indifferent, that I will fail to
see the wonders in the eyes of a child, or the twinkle in the eyes
of the aged. Never let me forget that my total effort is to cheer
people, make them happy, and forget momentarily, all the
unpleasantness in their lives. And in my final moment, may I hear
You whisper: "When you made My people smile, you made Me
smile." Occasionally the following verse is inserted between
the third and fourth verses above: Never let me acquire success to
the point that I discontinue calling on my Creator in the hour of
need, Acknowledging and thanking Him in the hour of plenty.
(Clowns International hosts a service every year on the first
Sunday in February at The Clowns' Church in London, and they
recite a version of the Clown's Prayer then.) ========= Laurel had
quipped, "If anyone at my funeral has a long face, I'll never
speak to him again." He is interred in Forest Lawn-Hollywood
Hills Cemetery. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: France:
Conquest To Liberation In World War II MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16, 1940: The European Civil War:
World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of
World War II): The Battle Of France (The Western Campaign [German:
Westfeldzug], The French Campaign [German: Frankreichfeldzug;
French: Campagne De France], The Fall Of France): Fall Rot
(German: "Case Red"): Vichy France (The French State):
-- Marshal Henri Philippe Petain becomes Chief Of State Of Vichy
France (French: Chef de l'Etat Francais, Chief Of The French
State). Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Petain (April 24, 1856 -
July 23, 1951), generally known as Philippe Petain or Marshal
Petain (Marechal Petain), was a French general officer who
attained the position of Marshal of France at the end of World War
I, during which he became known as The Lion of Verdun, and in
World War II served as the Chief of State of Vichy France from
1940 to 1944. Petain, who was 84 years old in 1940, ranks as
France's oldest head of state. Today, he is considered a Nazi
collaborator, the French equivalent of his contemporary Vidkun
Quisling in Norway. With the imminent fall of France in June 1940
in World War II, Petain was appointed Prime Minister of France by
President Lebrun at Bordeaux, and the Cabinet resolved to make
peace with Germany. The entire government subsequently moved
briefly to Clermont-Ferrand, then to the spa town of Vichy in
central France. His government voted to transform the discredited
French Third Republic into the French State, an authoritarian
regime aligned with Germany. After the war, Petain was tried and
convicted for treason. He was originally sentenced to death, but
because of his outstanding military leadership in World War I,
particularly during the Battle Of Verdun, Petain was viewed as a
national hero in France, and with the further influence of Charles
de Gaulle, he was not executed. His sentence was commuted to life
in prison and he died in 1951. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: WABC Radio
Airchecks MP3 Collection 1960s-1980s DVD, MP3 Download, USB
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16, 1940: #BOTD: #HBD! Robbie
Montgomery, African American soul singer, dancer, entrepreneur,
restaurateur and beauty, noted for being one of the original
Ikettes in the Ike & Tina Turner Revue in the 1960s, is #born
Robbie Marie Montgomery in Columbus, Mississippi, to Ora Gray and
James Montgomery, where they all lived with her great-grandmother,
Miss Pathenia, who was American Indian. After her tenure as an
Ikette, she was a member of the Mirettes, then a "Night
Tripper" for Dr. John, then a backing vocalist for Stevie
Wonder, Barbra Streisand, the Rolling Stones, and Joe Cocker. She
later created the Sweetie Pie's franchise, and starred in the
award-winning reality series "Welcome to Sweetie Pie's".
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: DJ
Madness! 1950s-60s-70s Radio Shows DVD, MP3 Download, USB Drive
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16, 1942: #BOTD: #HBD! Eddie Levert,
African American singer, best known as the lead vocalist of The
O'Jays, is #born Edward Willis Levert in Bessemer, Alabama. The
O'Jays are an American R & B group from Canton, Ohio, formed
in 1958 and originally consisting of Eddie Levert, Walter Lee
Williams, William Powell, Bobby Massey, and Bill Isles. The O'Jays
made their first chart appearance with the minor hit "Lonely
Drifter" in 1963, but reached their greatest level of success
once Gamble & Huff, a team of producers and songwriters,
signed them to their Philadelphia International label in 1972.
With Gamble & Huff, the O'Jays (now a trio after the departure
of Isles and Massey) emerged at the forefront of Philadelphia soul
with "Back Stabbers" (1972), and topped the US Billboard
Hot 100 the following year with "Love Train". Several
other US R & B hits followed, and the O'Jays were inducted
into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2004, The Rock and Roll Hall
of Fame in 2005, and the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame in
2013. Eddie Levert is also the father of singer-songwriter and
producer Gerald Levert (1966-2006) and singer-songwriter and actor
Sean Levert (1968-2008). On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Communism
With Tanks: Hungarian & East Bloc Revolutions DVD, MP4, USB
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16, 1958: #DOTD: #RIP: Imre Nagy
("IM-REE NAJZ"), Pal Maleter and other leaders of the
1956 Hungarian Uprising #dies by execution. Imre Nagy (June 7,
1896 - June 16, 1958) was a Hungarian communist politician who was
appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Hungarian
People's Republic on two occasions. Nagy's second term ended when
his non-Soviet-backed government was brought down by Soviet
invasion in the failed Hungarian Revolution Of 1956, resulting in
Nagy's execution on charges of treason two years later. Pal
Maleter (September 4, 1917 - June 16, 1958) was the military
leader of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. He fought on the Eastern
Front of World War II, until captured by the Red Army. He became a
Communist, trained in sabotage, fought against the Germans in
Transylvania and was sent back to Hungary, where he was noted for
his courage and daring. In 1956 he was a colonel and the commander
of an armoured division stationed in Budapest when he was sent to
suppress the Hungarian Uprising, but on making contact with the
insurgents he decided to join them, helping to defend the Kilian
Barracks. He was the most prominent member of the Hungarian
military to change sides, allying himself with the insurgents
rather than the Rakosi government. A pine cultivar has been named
after him - ironically, given Maleter's two meters height, a dwarf
variety. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Clive
James' Fame In The 20th Century TV Series DVD Set MP4 USB Drive
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16, 1961: The Aftermath Of World War
II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1953-1962): The Eastern Bloc (The
Communist Bloc, The Socialist Bloc, The Soviet Bloc): Emigration
From The Eastern Bloc (Defections From The Eastern Bloc): The
Defection Of Rudolf Nureyev: -- Rudolf Nureyev, Soviet-born
Russian ballet dancer and choreographer (March 17, 1938 - January
6, 1993)) defects from the Soviet Union at Le Bourget Airport in
Paris while touring with the Kirov Ballet, with the help of French
police and a Parisian socialite friend, Clara Saint, who had been
engaged to Vincent Malraux, the son of the French Minister of
Culture, Andre Malraux. Nureyev escaped his KGB minders and asked
for asylum. The Kirov's artistic director Konstantin Sergeyev,
with whom Nureyev had growing tensions, and the KGB tried to
dissuade him, but he chose to stay in Paris. Nureyev was seen to
have broken the rules about mingling with foreigners and allegedly
frequented gay bars in Paris, which alarmed the Kirov's management
and the KGB agents observing him. When the KGB wanted to send him
back to the Soviet Union, he defected. This was the first
defection of a Soviet artist during the Cold War, and it created
an international sensation. Rudolf Khametovich Nureyev (March 17,
1938 - January 6, 1993) is regarded by some as the greatest male
ballet dancer of his generation. Nureyev was born on a
Trans-Siberian train near Irkutsk, Siberia, Soviet Union, to a
Tatar family. He began his early career with the company that in
the Soviet era was called the Kirov Ballet (now called by its
original name, the Mariinsky Ballet) in Leningrad. He went on to
dance with The Royal Ballet in London and from 1983 to 1989 served
as director of the Paris Opera Ballet. Nureyev was also a
choreographer serving as the chief choreographer of the Paris
Opera Ballet. He produced his own interpretations of numerous
classical works, including Swan Lake, Giselle and La Bayadere. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Russian
Right Stuff: Soviet Space Program TV Series DVD, Download, USB
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16, 1963: Rocket Launches: Outer
Space Firsts: Manned Space Program Firsts: The History Of
Rocketry: The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of World War
II: The Cold War: The Space Age: The Soviet Space Program: Human
Spaceflight Programs: The Vostok Programme: Vostok 6 (Russian:
"East 6", "Orient 6"): -- Valentina
Tereshkova, 26, becomes the first woman in space as her Soviet
spacecraft Vostok 6 is lauched at 09:29:52 UTC from Baikonur
Cosmodrome's Gagarin's Start launch site (also known as Baikonur
Site 1 or Site 1/5) at Tyuratam in the the Kazakh SSR atop a
Vostok-K launch vehicle. Tereshkova remains the only woman ever to
have been on a successful solo space mission. She manually
controlled the spacecraft completing 48 orbits in 71 hours before
landing safely. Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova is a retired
Russian cosmonaut, engineer, and politician. She is the first
woman to have flown in space, having been selected from more than
400 applicants and five finalists to pilot Vostok 6 on 16 June
1963. In order to join the Cosmonaut Corps, Tereshkova was
honorarily inducted into the Soviet Air Force and thus she also
became the first civilian to fly in space. Before her recruitment
as a cosmonaut, Tereshkova was a textile-factory assembly worker
and an amateur skydiver. After the dissolution of the first group
of female cosmonauts in 1969, she became a prominent member of the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union, holding various political
offices. She remained politically active following the collapse of
the Soviet Union and is regarded as a hero in post-Soviet Russia
and much of the world. Having orbited Earth 48 times, In 2013, she
offered to go on a one-way trip to Mars if the opportunity arose.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: It Was
Twenty Years Ago Today: 1967 & Sgt. Pepper DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16, 1967: Counterculture Of The
1960s: The Hippie Movement: Counterculture Festivals: The Monterey
International Pop Festival: -- A three-day music festival held
June 16 to 18, 1967, begins at the Monterey County Fairgrounds in
Monterey, California. The Monterey International Pop Festival is
remembered for the first major American appearances by the Jimi
Hendrix Experience, the Who and Ravi Shankar, the first
large-scale public performance of Janis Joplin, and the
introduction of Otis Redding to a mass American audience. The
festival embodied the theme of California as a focal point for the
counterculture and generally is regarded as one of the beginnings
of the "Summer of Love" in 1967 and the public debut of
the hippie, flower power and flower children movements and era.
Because Monterey was widely promoted and heavily attended,
featured historic performances, and was the subject of a popular
theatrical documentary film, it became an inspiration and a
template for future music festivals, including the Woodstock
Festival two years later. Rolling Stone publisher Jann Wenner said
"Monterey was the nexus - it sprang from what the Beatles
began, and from it from it sprang what followed"; the Beatles
had just released their landmark "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts
Club Band" album mere weeks before, and it as well as the
Monterey Pop Festival greatly influenced all popular music that
followed them. The first day of the Monterey Pop Festival, June
16, began on a Friday night. The Los Angeles-based band the
Association with hits such as "Along Comes Mary" and
"Never My Love" was the first act to perform at the
festival. Newsweek magazine's reporter Michael Lydon reviewed
their performance as having a "professional style and
entertaining manner," especially on their latest hit single
"Windy", which was rising steadily on the Billboard Hot
100. The Association was followed by the Paupers, a rock band from
Toronto, who delivered a "screaming volume and a racy
quality," according to Lydon. The Paupers were proud to be
judged on their music alone, not relying on "gimmicks"
or lighting effects. The next act was blues singer Lou Rawls
fronting a big band, the song arrangements conveying a "rock
'n' soul" style. Rawls also spoke to the crowd about the
gritty experiences of African American life. After his set, he
said to reporters that he was confident that "the blues is
the way of the future. The fads come and go, but the blues remain.
The blues is the music that makes a universal language." He
described how rock artists were increasingly drawing from the
blues to give their music more substance. Beverley Martyn sang a
short set followed by Johnny Rivers. After Rivers was Eric Burdon
leading his new incarnation of the Animals, introduced as the New
Animals, re-interpreted the Stones song "Paint It Black",
adding electric violin. With this appearance, Burdon signaled a
change to more of a politically charged hard rock style mixed with
psychedelia. He later wrote the song "Monterey" about
his experience at the concert. The headliner of Friday night was
Simon & Garfunkel, who started after midnight, and performed
minimally with just two voices and one guitar. They finished at
1:30 am on Saturday morning. Lydon reviewed their set as sweetly
retrospective, but "they seemed sadly left behind" by
the shifting of rock music away from the duo's established folk
rock style. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Adam
Clayton Powell Biography + 2 Bonus Titles DVD MP4 Video Download
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16, 1969: The United States: The
History Of The United States: The Supreme Court Of The United
States (SCOTUS): Rulings Of The Supreme Court Of The United
States: Powell v. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486 (1969): -- Adam Clayton
Powell, Jr. regains his seat in the 90th United States Congress, a
seat he had been excluded from by a March 1 House Of
Representatives vote of 307 to 116 to exclude him following
allegations of corruption, when The United States Supreme Court
rules that the Qualifications Of Members Clause of Article I of
the US Constitution is an exclusive list of qualifications of
members of the House of Representatives, which may exclude a duly
elected member for only those reasons enumerated in that clause,
and not by other reasons such as those used to exclude Powell,
ruling that the House had acted unconstitutionally when it
excluded Powell, as he had been duly elected by his constituents.
Despite this legal victory, Powell's increasing irresponsible
behaviour continued; Powell's increasing absenteeism was observed
by his constituents, and this in aggregate contributed to Powell's
defeat in the his own party's Democratic primary for reelection to
his seat by Charles B. Rangel in June 1970. Powell failed to
garner enough signatures for inclusion on the November ballot as
an Independent, and Rangel won that (and following) general
elections. In the fall of 1970, Powell moved to his retreat on
Bimini in The Bahamas, resigned as minister at the Abyssinian
Baptist Church, and retired from electoral politics. On Sale @ 15%
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Second
Russian Revolution TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16, 1989: The Aftermath Of World War
II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1985-1991) (The End Of The Cold
War): The Dissolution Of The Soviet Union: The Revolutions Of 1989
(The Fall Of Nations, The Autumn Of Nations, The Fall Of
Communism): The Eastern Bloc (The Communist Bloc, The Socialist
Bloc, The Soviet Bloc): -- Imre Nagy, Pal Maleter, three others
who had died in prison, and a sixth, empty coffin symbolising all
those who had died, were formally reburied in Budapest with full
honours following the collapse of Communism in Hungary. Imre Nagy
(June 7, 1896 - June 16, 1958) was a Hungarian communist
politician who was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers
of the Hungarian People's Republic on two occasions. Nagy's second
term ended when his non-Soviet-backed government was brought down
by Soviet invasion in the failed Hungarian Revolution Of 1956,
resulting in Nagy's execution on charges of treason two years
later. Pal Maleter (September 4, 1917 - June 16, 1958) was the
military leader of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. He fought on the
Eastern Front of World War II, until captured by the Red Army. He
became a Communist, trained in sabotage, fought against the
Germans in Transylvania and was sent back to Hungary, where he was
noted for his courage and daring. In 1956 he was a colonel and the
commander of an armoured division stationed in Budapest when he
was sent to suppress the Hungarian Uprising, but on making contact
with the insurgents he decided to join them, helping to defend the
Kilian Barracks. He was the most prominent member of the Hungarian
military to change sides, allying himself with the insurgents
rather than the Rakosi government. A pine cultivar has been named
after him - ironically, given Maleter's two meters height, a dwarf
variety. #ImreNagy #PalMaleter #HungarianRevolutionOf1956
#HungarianUprisingOf1956 #RevolutionsOf1989 #Hungary
#HungarianHistory #HistoryOfHungary #MP4 #VideoDownload #DVD On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Flash
Casey Crime Photographer Old Time Radio MP3 Set DVD Download USB
Today, June 16, 2026
June 16: National Casey Day: -- Calling
all Caseys - it's your day to shine! Celebrate National Casey Day
and show off your unique name with pride. This day is dedicated to
honoring and appreciating anyone with the name Casey - whether
it's a family member, friend, or even yourself. The name Casey has
Irish origins and means "brave in battle", making this
day a perfect opportunity to recognize the strength and courage of
those who bear this name. So let's come together as we celebrate
the unique individuals who make up the Casey community and spread
some joy and positivity! One of the great things about the name
Casey is that it can be used for both males and females. This adds
to its versatility and makes it a popular choice among parents.
National Casey Day is a perfect time to celebrate the inclusive
nature of this name!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: He
Conquered Space: Wernher von Braun + Bonus Bio MP4 Download DVD
Today, June 16, 2026June 16, 1977: #DOTD: #RIP: Wernher von
Braun, German-American physicist, aerospace engineer and space
architect (b. March 23, 1912) #dies of pancreatic cancer in
Alexandria, Virginia, at age 65. He is buried on Valley Road at
the Ivy Hill Cemetery in Alexandria. His gravestone cites Psalm
19:1: "The heavens declare the glory of God; and the
firmament sheweth his handywork". Wernher Magnus Maximilian
Freiherr von Braun was born in the small town of Wirsitz in the
Province of Posen, Kingdom Of Prussia, German Empire (modern
Poland). Wernher von Braun was the leading figure in the
development of rocket technology in Germany and in rocket
technology and space science in the United States. In his twenties
and early thirties, von Braun worked in Nazi Germany's rocket
development program. After he joined the SS he helped design and
develop the V-2 rocket at Peenemunde, Germany during World War II.
Following the war, he was secretly moved to the United States,
along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and
technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the
United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile
(IRBM) program and he developed the rockets that launched the
United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was
assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly
formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of
the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the
Apollo spacecraft to the Moon. In 1975, von Braun received the
National Medal of Science. He advocated for a human mission to
Mars.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Dunkirk: The Battle For France Documentary DVD MP4 Download USB
Drive
Today, June 16, 2026June 16, 1969: #DOTD: #RIP: Harold
Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis, English field marshal and
politician, a senior British Army officer who served with
distinction in both the First World War and the Second World War
and, afterwards, as Governor General of Canada, the 17th since
Canadian Confederation (b. December 10, 1891) #dies of a
perforated aorta in lough, Buckinghamshire, England, aged 77. His
funeral was held on June 24, 1969 at St. George's Chapel, in
Windsor Castle, and his remains are buried in the churchyard of
Ridge, near Tyttenhanger, his family's Hertfordshire home. Harold
Alexander was born Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander in
London, England into an aristocratic family from County Tyrone of
Anglo-Irish descent. Alexander oversaw the final stages of the
Allied evacuation from Dunkirk and subsequently held high-ranking
field commands in Burma, North Africa and Italy, including serving
as Commander-in-Chief Middle East and commanding the 18th Army
Group in Tunisia. He then commanded the 15th Army Group for the
capture of Sicily and again in Italy before receiving his field
marshal' baton and being made Supreme Allied Commander
Mediterranean.
https://store.earthstation1.com/dunkirk-battle-for-france-dvd-war-files-series.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Cavalcade Of America US History Radio Drama Series DVD, Download,
USB
Today, June 16, 2026June 16, 1829: #BOTD: #HBD! Geronimo
(Mescalero-Chiricahua: Goyaale, "The One Who Yawns"),
prominent Apache Chief, Native American tribal leader, military
leader and medicine man from the Bedonkohe band of the Ndendahe
Apache people (d. February 17, 1909) is #born near Turkey Creek, a
tributary of the Gila River in the modern-day state of New Mexico,
then part of Mexico, though the Apache disputed Mexico's claim to
the land. He was a prominent leader and medicine man from the
Bedonkohe band of the Chiricahua Apache tribe. From 1850 to 1886
Geronimo lead numerous raids upon and resistance to US and Mexican
military campaigns in northern Mexico and in New Mexico and
Arizona. Geronimo' combat actions were part of the prolonged
period of the Apache-United States conflict following the end of
the Mexican-American War in 1848. During his final period of
conflict from 1876 to 1886 he "surrendered" three times
and accepted life on the Apache reservations in Arizona. In his
old age, Geronimo became a celebrity. He appeared at fairs,
including the 1904 World' Fair in St. Louis, where he rode a
ferris wheel, sold souvenirs and photographs of himself. He died
of pneumonia at the Fort Sill hospital in 1909, still a prisoner
of war, aged 79. He was buried at Fort Sill in the Beef Creek
Apache Cemetery. US Paratroopers beginning in 1940 famously began
using the cry "Geronimo" when jumping from a plane, and
in some Warner Brothers cartoons, paratroopers are shown not only
yelling "Geronimo" when they jump, but also show them in
a hand-over-mouth position used in cartoons to depict yawning, a
reference to Geronimo's name "the one who yawns".
https://store.earthstation1.com/cavalcade-of-america-historical-old-time-radio-mp3-dv3.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Hearts
& Minds 1974 Vietnam War Documentary Feature Film DVD, MP4,
USB
Today, June 16, 2026June 16, 2023: #DOTD: #RIP: Daniel
Ellsberg, American political activist, economist, and United
States military analyst, who while employed by the RAND
Corporation precipitated a national political controversy in 1971
when he released the Pentagon Papers, a top-secret Pentagon study
of U.S. government decision-making in relation to the Vietnam War,
to The New York Times, The Washington Post, and other newspapers
(b. April 7, 1931) #dies of pancreatic cancer at 1:24 AM at his
home in Kensington, California, on June 16, 2023, at the age of
92. Mr. Ellsberg announced in an email to friends and supporters
on March 1 that he had pancreatic cancer, had declined
chemotherapy, and that whatever time he had left would be spent
giving talks and interviews about the Russian invasion of Ukraine,
the perils of nuclear war and the importance of First Amendment
protections. His remains were cremated, and his ashews given to
his wife Patricia Marx. Daniel Ellsberg was born in Chicago,
Illinois to Harry and Adele (Charsky) Ellsberg. His parents were
Ashkenazi Jews who had converted to Christian Science, and he was
raised as a Christian Scientist. In 2008, Ellsberg told a
journalist that his parents considered the family Jewish, "but
not in religion." In January 1973, Ellsberg was charged under
the Espionage Act of 1917 along with other charges of theft and
conspiracy, carrying a maximum sentence of 115 years. Because of
governmental misconduct and illegal evidence-gathering (committed
by the same people who would later be involved in the Watergate
scandal), and his defense by Leonard Boudin and Harvard Law School
professor Charles Nesson, Judge William Matthew Byrne Jr.
dismissed all charges against Ellsberg in May 1973. Ellsberg was
awarded the Right Livelihood Award in 2006. He was also known for
having formulated an important example in decision theory, the
Ellsberg paradox; for his extensive studies on nuclear weapons and
nuclear policy; and for voicing support for WikiLeaks, Chelsea
Manning, and Edward Snowden. Ellsberg was awarded the 2018 Olof
Palme Prize for his "profound humanism and exceptional moral
courage". Daniel Ellsberg died of pancreatic cancer at 1:24
AM at his home in Kensington, California, on June 16, 2023, at the
age of 92. Mr. Ellsberg announced in an email to friends and
supporters on March 1 that he had pancreatic cancer, had declined
chemotherapy, and that whatever time he had left would be spent
giving talks and interviews about the Russian invasion of Ukraine,
the perils of nuclear war and the importance of First Amendment
protections. His remains were cremated, and his ashews given to
his wife Patricia Marx.
https://store.earthstation1.com/hearts-and-minds-dvd-1974-vietnam-war-documentary-m1974.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Shah Of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi + Bonus MP4 Download DVD
Today, June 16, 2026June 16, 1882: #BOTD: Mohammad Mosaddegh,
Iranian educator and politician, 60th Prime Minister of Iran (d.
March 5, 1967) is #born to a prominent Persian family of high
officials in Tehran. Mosaddegh was democratically elected into the
office of the Prime Minister in 1951. He served until 1953, when
his government was overthrown in the 1953 Iranian coup d'etat
orchestrated by the intelligence agencies of the United Kingdom
(MI6) and the United States (CIA), led by Kermit Roosevelt Jr. An
author, administrator, lawyer and parliamentarian, his
administration introduced a range of social and political slot
measures such as social security, land reforms and higher taxes
including the introduction of taxation on the rent of land. His
government's most significant policy, was the nationalization of
the Iranian oil industry, which had been built by the British on
Persian lands since 1913 through the Anglo-Persian Oil Company
(APOC/AIOC), later known as British Petroleum (BP). Many Iranians
regard Mosaddegh as the leading champion of secular democracy and
resistance to foreign domination in Iran's modern history.
Following an initial failed coup by the CIA/MI6-backed General
Fazlollah Zahedi, the CIA field agent in charge, Kermit Roosevelt,
nonetheless defied orders and attempted a second overthrow on
August 19, 1953 which became known as The 1953 Iranian Coup
d'Etat. The CIA and MI6, under orders from UK Prime Minister
Winston Churchill and US President Dwight D. Eisenhower, fearing a
Communist takeover in Iran following their retaliatory
nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) assets
after the AIOC refusal to be audited, overthrew the democratically
elected Prime Minister of Iran Mohammad Mosaddegh, and reinstated
the monarchical rule of the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Also known
in Iran as the 28 Mordad Coup d'Etat, it was orchestrated by the
United States under the name TPAJAX Project or "Operation
Ajax", and the United Kingdom under the name "Operation
Boot", and carried out by the Iranian military under the
leadership of Kermit Roosevelt. By paying mobs to demonstrate,
tricking Mossadegh into urging his supporters to stay home, and
bribing and mobilizing officers against Mossadegh, Kermit
Roosevelt was able to force a military confrontation outside
Mossadegh's home. With loyalist troops overwhelmed, Mossadegh was
pulled out by aides (though he stated his wish of dying in the
house instead of fleeing) into hiding. He surrendered himself to
the Officers' Club when Zahedi announced an order for his arrest
on the radio. According to the CIA's declassified documents and
records, some of the most feared mobsters in Tehran were hired by
the CIA to stage pro-Shah riots that day. Other men paid by the
CIA were brought into Tehran in buses and trucks, and took over
the streets of the city. Between 200 and 300 people were killed
because of the conflict. Mosaddegh was arrested, tried and
convicted of treason by the Shah's military court. On December 21,
1953, he was sentenced to three years in jail, then placed under
house arrest for the remainder of his life. Other Mosaddegh
supporters were imprisoned, and several received the death
penalty. In August 2013, sixty years afterward, the U.S.
government formally acknowledged the U.S. role in the coup by
releasing a bulk of previously classified government documents
that show it was in charge of both the planning and the execution
of the coup, including the bribing of Iranian politicians,
security and army high-ranking officials, as well as pro-coup
propaganda. The CIA is quoted acknowledging the coup was carried
out "under CIA direction" and "as an act of U.S.
foreign policy, conceived and approved at the highest levels of
government". Mosaddegh had sought to audit the documents of
the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC), a British corporation (now
part of BP) and to limit the company's control over Iranian oil
reserves. Upon the AIOC's refusal to co-operate with the Iranian
government, the parliament (Majlis) voted to nationalize Iran's
oil industry and to expel foreign corporate representatives from
the country. After this vote, Britain instigated a worldwide
boycott of Iranian oil to pressure Iran economically. Initially,
Britain mobilized its military to seize control of the
British-built Abadan oil refinery, then the world's largest, but
Prime Minister Clement Attlee opted instead to tighten the
economic boycott while using Iranian agents to undermine
Mosaddegh's government. Judging Mosaddegh to be unreliable and
fearing a Communist takeover in Iran, UK prime minister Winston
Churchill and the Eisenhower administration decided to overthrow
Iran's government, though the preceding Truman administration had
opposed a coup, fearing the precedent that Central Intelligence
Agency (CIA) involvement would set. British intelligence
officials' conclusions and the UK government's solicitations were
instrumental in initiating and planning the coup, despite the fact
that the U.S. government in 1952 had been considering unilateral
action (without UK support) to assist the Mosaddegh government.
Following the coup in 1953, a government under General Fazlollah
Zahedi was formed which allowed Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last
Shah of Iran (Persian for an Iranian king) to rule more firmly as
monarch. He relied heavily on United States support to hold on to
power. The Shah continued his rule as monarch for the next 26
years until he was overthrown in the Iranian Revolution in 1979.
Mosaddegh was imprisoned for three years, then put under house
arrest at his Ahmadabad residence until his death aged 84 at
Najmieh Hospital, Tehran, primarily due to complications of his
cancer therapy. He was denied a funeral, and was buried in his
living room so as to prevent a political furor, despite his
request to be buried in the public graveyard, beside the victims
of the political violence on 30 Tir 1331 (July 21, 1952). In 2013,
the U.S. government formally acknowledged the U.S. role in the
coup, as a part of its foreign policy initiatives.
https://store.earthstation1.com/mohammad-reza-pahlavi-the-politics-of-oil-shah-of-iran--dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: America
Held Hostage: As It Happened The Iran Hostage Crisis MP4 DVD
Today, June 16, 2026June 16, 1981: The Aftermath Of World War
II: The Cold War: The Iranian Revolution: Aftermath Of The Iranian
Revolution: The Iran Hostage Crisis: -- The Canadian Caper: U.S.
President Ronald Reagan awards the Congressional Gold Medal to Ken
Taylor, Canada's former ambassador to Iran, for helping six
Americans escape from Iran during the hostage crisis of 1979-81;
he is the first foreign citizen bestowed the honor. Kenneth
Douglas Taylor, OC (October 5, 1934 - October 15, 2015) was a
Canadian diplomat, educator and businessman, best known for his
role in the 1979 covert operation called the "Canadian Caper"
when he was the Canadian ambassador to Iran. With the cooperation
of the American Central Intelligence Agency, Taylor helped six
Americans escape from Iran during the Iran hostage crisis by
procuring Canadian passports for the Americans to deceive the
Iranian Revolutionary guard by posing as a Canadian film crew
scouting locations. Before the escape, the six Americans spent
several weeks hiding in the homes of Taylor and another Canadian
diplomat, John Sheardown. After his death, The Washington Post
described Taylor as the "main hero" of the Iran hostage
escape, quoting former president Jimmy Carter in doing so.
https://store.earthstation1.com/america-held-hostage-as-it-happened-the-iran-hostage-crisis-mp4-dv4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Franklin D. Roosevelt Documentaries DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, June 16, 2026June 16, 1933: The Interwar Period (The
Interbellum, Between The Wars): The Presidency Of Franklin D.
Roosevelt: The Fireside Chats: The Great Depression: The Great
Depression In The United States: The New Deal: The Second New Deal
(1935-1936): The National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA):
-- President Franklin D. Roosevelt is authorized by the passage of
The National Industrial Recovery Act to regulate industry in an
attempt to raise prices after severe deflation and thereby
stimulate economic recovery. NIRA also established a national
public works program known as the Public Works Administration
(PWA, not to be confused with the WPA of 1935). The National
Recovery Administration (NRA) portion of the act was widely hailed
in 1933, however NIRA was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme
Court in 1935, and not replaced.
https://store.earthstation1.com/franklin-roosevelt-documentaries-dual-layer-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Henry
Ford: Tin Lizzie Tycoon + Bonus Film DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, June 16, 2026June 16, 1903: The History Of The
Automobile: The History Of The Automotive Industry: The Ford Motor
Company: -- Heny Ford incorporates The Ford Motor Company,
commonly referred to simply as "Ford". The Henry Ford
Company was Henry Ford's first attempt at a car manufacturing
company and was established on November 3, 1901. This became the
Cadillac Motor Company on August 22, 1902, after Ford left with
the rights to his name. The Ford Motor Company was launched in a
converted factory in 1903 with 28K USK (equivalent to 912K USD in
2022) in cash from twelve investors, most notably John and Horace
Dodge (who would later found their own car company). The first
president was not Ford, but local banker John S. Gray, who was
chosen in order to assuage investors' fears that Ford would leave
the new company the way he had left its predecessor. During its
early years, the company produced just a few cars a day at its
factory on Mack Avenue and later at its factory on Piquette Avenue
in Detroit, Michigan. Groups of two or three men worked on each
car, assembling it from parts made mostly by supplier companies
contracting for Ford. Within a decade the company led the world in
the expansion and refinement of the assembly line concept, and
Ford soon brought much of the part production in-house, a process
known as vertical integration. Henry Ford was 39 years old when he
founded the Ford Motor Company, which would go on to become one of
the world's largest and most profitable companies. It has been in
continuous family control for over 100 years and is one of the
largest family-controlled companies in the world. The Ford Motor
Company is as of 2023 an American multinational automaker
headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. The
company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford
brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand. Ford also owns
Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance
car manufacturer FPV. In the past, it has also produced tractors
and automotive components. Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin
of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling Motors of
China. It also has a number of joint-ventures, one in China
(Changan Ford), one in Taiwan (Ford Lio Ho), one in Thailand
(AutoAlliance Thailand), one in Turkey (Ford Otosan), and one in
Russia (Ford Sollers). It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange
and is controlled by the Ford family, although they have minority
ownership (but majority of the voting power). Ford introduced
methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale
management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered
manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines; by
1914, these methods were known around the world as Fordism. Ford's
former UK subsidiaries Jaguar and Land Rover, acquired in 1989 and
2000 respectively, were sold to Tata Motors in March 2008. Ford
owned the Swedish automaker Volvo from 1999 to 2010. In 2011, Ford
discontinued the Mercury brand, under which it had marketed
entry-level luxury cars in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and
the Middle East since 1938. During the financial crisis at the
beginning of the 21st century, it was close to bankruptcy, but it
has since returned to profitability. Ford is the second-largest
U.S.-based automaker (behind General Motors) and the fifth-largest
in the world (behind Toyota, VW, Hyundai-Kia and General Motors)
based on 2015 vehicle production. At the end of 2010, Ford was the
fifth largest automaker in Europe. Ford is the eighth-ranked
overall American-based company in the 2010 Fortune 500 list, based
on global revenues in 2009 of 118.3B USD. In 2008, Ford produced
5.532 million automobiles and employed about 213,000 employees at
around 90 plants and facilities worldwide. The company went public
in 1956 but the Ford family, through special Class B shares, still
retain 40 percent voting rights.
https://store.earthstation1.com/henry-ford-tin-lizzie-tycoon-dvd-documentary.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Machine That Changed The World The Computer + Bonus 3 MP4s Or DVDs
Today, June 16, 2026June 16, 1911: The Industrial Revolution:
The First Industrial Revolution (1760 - c. 1840): The Computer:
The History Of The Computer: The History Of Computing Hardware:
Analog Computers (Analogue Computers): Mechanical Computers:
Foundings: Business Foundings: The Computing-Tabulating-Recording
Company (International Business Machines [IBM]): -- The
Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company is founded as a corporation
in Endicott, New York; it was renamed International Business
Machines (IBM) in 1924, eventually become a multinational
technology corporation headquartered present in over 175
countries, nicknamed "Big Blue". In the 1880s,
technologies emerged that would ultimately form the core of
International Business Machines (IBM). Julius E. Pitrap patented
the computing scale in 1885; Alexander Dey invented the dial
recorder (1888); Herman Hollerith (1860-1929) patented the
Electric Tabulating Machine; and Willard Bundy invented a time
clock to record workers' arrival and departure times on a paper
tape in 1889. On June 16, 1911, their four companies were
amalgamated in New York State by Charles Ranlett Flint forming a
fifth company, the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR)
based in Endicott, New York. The five companies had 1,300
employees and offices and plants in Endicott and Binghamton, New
York; Dayton, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan; Washington, D.C.; and
Toronto. They manufactured machinery for sale and lease, ranging
from commercial scales and industrial time recorders, meat and
cheese slicers, to tabulators and punched cards. The visionary and
unprincipled criminal (he once personally destroyed a competitor's
manufacturing hardware with a baseball bat) Thomas J. Watson, Sr.,
fired from the National Cash Register Company by John Henry
Patterson, called on Flint and, in 1914, was offered a position at
CTR. Watson joined CTR as general manager then, 11 months later,
was made President when court cases relating to his time at NCR
were resolved. Having learned Patterson's pioneering business
practices, Watson proceeded to put the stamp of NCR onto CTR's
companies. He implemented sales conventions, "generous sales
incentives, a focus on customer service, an insistence on
well-groomed, dark-suited salesmen and had an evangelical fervor
for instilling company pride and loyalty in every worker".
His favorite slogan, "THINK", became a mantra for each
company's employees. During Watson's first four years, revenues
reached 9M USD (152M USD in 2022) and the company's operations
expanded to Europe, South America, Asia and Australia. Watson
never liked the clumsy hyphenated name
"Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company" and on February
14, 1924, chose to replace it with the more expansive title
"International Business Machines" which had previously
been used as the name of CTR's Canadian Division. By 1933, most of
the subsidiaries had been merged into one company, IBM.
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-machine-that-changed-the-world-the-computer-dvd-mp4-downloa4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Machine That Changed The World: The Computer DVD MP4 Download
Today, June 16, 2026June 16, 1977: The Industrial Revolution:
The Third Industrial Revolution (1947-Present) (The Information
Age, The Computer Age, The Digital Age, The Digital Electronics
Revolution, The Silicon Age, The New Media Age, The Media Age):
The Computer: The History Of The Computer: Digital Computers: The
History Of Software: Foundings: Business Foundings: Software
Development Laboratories (SDL) (Oracle Corporation): -- Larry
Ellison, Bob Miner and Ed Oates co-found and incorporate Software
Development Laboratories (SDL) in Redwood Shores, California; it
would eventually become known as Oracle Corporation. Ellison took
inspiration from the 1970 paper written by Edgar F. Codd on
relational database management systems (RDBMS) named "A
Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks." He
heard about the IBM System R database from an article in the IBM
Research Journal provided by Oates. Ellison wanted to make
Oracle's product compatible with System R, but failed to do so as
IBM kept the error codes for their DBMS a secret. SDL changed its
name to Relational Software, Inc (RSI) in 1979, then again to
Oracle Systems Corporation in 1983, to align itself more closely
with its flagship product Oracle Database. The name also drew from
the 1977 CIA project codename, which was also Oracle's first
customer. At this stage, Bob Miner served as the company's senior
programmer. On March 12, 1986, the company had its initial public
offering. In 1989, Oracle moved its world headquarters to the
Redwood Shores neighborhood of Redwood City, California, though
its campus was not completed until 1995. In 1995, Oracle Systems
Corporation changed its name to Oracle Corporation, officially
named Oracle, but is sometimes referred to as Oracle Corporation,
the name of the holding company. Part of Oracle Corporation's
early success arose from using the C programming language to
implement its products. This eased porting to different operating
systems most of which support C. In 2005, Oracle acquired
PeopleSoft, an ERP company, and in 2006 Siebel, a CRM company. In
2008 Oracle acquired BEA Systems, an enterprise infrastructure
software company and in 2010 it acquired Sun Microsystems, a
computer hardware and software company (famous for its Java
programming language). On July 15, 2013, Oracle transferred its
stock listing from the Nasdaq to the NYSE. At the time, it was the
largest-ever U.S. market transfer. In an effort to compete with
Amazon Web Services and its products, Oracle announced in 2019 it
was partnering with former rival Microsoft. The alliance called
that Oracle Cloud and Microsoft Azure would be directly connected,
allowing customers of each to store data on both cloud computing
platforms and run software on either Oracle or Azure. Some saw
this not only as an attempt to compete with Amazon but also Google
and Salesforce, which acquired Looker and Tableau Software,
respectively. On December 11, 2020, Oracle announced that it was
moving its world headquarters from Redwood Shores to Austin,
Texas.
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-machine-that-changed-the-world-the-computer-dvd-mp4-downloa4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: That
Rhythm, Those Blues + Bonus The Death Of R & B? MP4 Download
DVD
Today, June 16, 2026June 16, 1970: #DOTD: #RIP: Lonnie
Johnson, African American blues and jazz pioneer, singer,
guitarist, violinist and songwriter, recognized as the first to
play an electrically amplified violin and the originator of what
is now known as the "guitar solo" (b. February 8, 1899)
#dies in Toronto, Ontario, Canada aged 71 of an apparent stroke
brought on by an auto accident in March 1969. A funeral was held
at Mount Hope Cemetery in Toronto by his friends and fellow
musicians, but his family members insisted on transferring the
body to Philadelphia where he was buried. He was virtually broke.
The Killer Blues Headstone project, a nonprofit organization that
places headstones on unmarked graves of blues musicians, purchased
a headstone for Johnson around 2014. Lonnie Johnson was born
Alonzo Johnson in New Orleans, Louisiana and raised in a family of
musicians. He studied violin, piano and guitar as a child and
learned to play various other instruments, including the mandolin,
but he concentrated on the guitar throughout his professional
career. By his late teens, he was playing guitar and violin in his
father's family band at banquets and weddings, alongside his
brother James "Steady Roll" Johnson. He also worked with
the jazz trumpeter Punch Miller in the Storyville district of New
Orleans. In 1917, Johnson joined a revue that toured England,
returning home in 1919 to find that all of his family, except his
brother James, had died in the 1918 influenza epidemic. He and his
brother settled in St. Louis in 1921, where they performed as a
duo. Lonnie also worked on riverboats and in the orchestras of
Charlie Creath and Fate Marable. In 1925, Johnson entered and won
a blues contest at the Booker T. Washington Theatre in St. Louis,
the prize being a recording contract with Okeh Records. To his
regret, he was then tagged as a blues artist and later found it
difficult to be regarded as anything else. He later said, "I
guess I would have done anything to get recorded - it just
happened to be a blues contest, so I sang the blues." Between
1925 and 1932 he made about 130 recordings for Okeh, many of which
sold well (making him one of the most popular OKeh artists). He
was called to New York to record with the leading blues singers of
the day, including Victoria Spivey and the country blues singer
Alger "Texas" Alexander. He also toured with Bessie
Smith, a top attraction of the Theater Owners Bookers Association.
In December 1927, Johnson recorded in Chicago as a guest artist
with Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five, paired with the banjoist
Johnny St. Cyr. He played on the sides "I'm Not Rough",
"Savoy Blues", and "Hotter Than That." The
most famous of the three sides, "Hotter than That,"
encompassed the New Orleans traditions of polymetric tension,
scar, dialogue, collective improvisation, and timbral diversity.
In an unusual move, Johnson was invited to sit in with many OKeh
jazz groups. In 1928, he recorded "Hot and Bothered",
"Move Over", and "The Mooche" with Duke
Ellington for Okeh. He also recorded with a group called the
Chocolate Dandies (in this case, McKinney's Cotton Pickers). He
pioneered the guitar solo on the 1927 track "6/88 Glide",
and on many of his early recordings he played 12-string guitar
solos in a style that influenced such future jazz guitarists as
Charlie Christian and Django Reinhardt and gave the instrument new
meaning as a jazz voice. He excelled in purely instrumental
pieces, some of which he recorded with the white jazz guitarist
Eddie Lang, with whom he teamed in 1929. These recordings were
among the first to feature black and white musicians performing
together, although Lang was credited as Blind Willie Dunn to
disguise the fact. Much of Johnson's music featured experimental
improvisations that would now be categorized as jazz rather than
blues. According to the blues historian Gerard Herzhaft, Johnson
was "undeniably the creator of the guitar solo played note by
note with a pick, which has become the standard in jazz, blues,
country, and rock". Johnson's style reached both the Delta
bluesmen and urban players who would adapt and develop his
one-string solos into the modern electric blues style. However,
the writer Elijah Wald declared that in the 1920s and 1930s
Johnson was best known as a sophisticated and urbane singer rather
than an instrumentalist: "Of the forty ads for his records
that appeared in the Chicago Defender between 1926 and 1931, not
one even mentioned that he played guitar." Johnson's
compositions often depicted the social conditions confronting
urban African Americans ("Racketeers' Blues", "Hard
Times Ain't Gone Nowhere", "Fine Booze and Heavy Dues").
In his lyrics he captured the nuances of male-female love
relationships in a way that went beyond Tin Pan Alley
sentimentalism. His songs displayed an ability to understand the
heartaches of others, which Johnson saw as the essence of his
blues. After touring with Bessie Smith in 1929, Johnson moved to
Chicago and recorded for Okeh with the stride pianist James P.
Johnson. However, with the temporary demise of the recording
industry in the Great Depression, he was compelled to make a
living outside music, working at one point in a steel mill in
Peoria, Illinois. In 1932 he moved again, to Cleveland, Ohio,
where he lived for the rest of the decade. There he performed on
radio programs and intermittently played with the band backing the
singer Putney Dandridge. By the late 1930s, he was recording and
performing in Chicago for Decca Records, working with Roosevelt
Sykes and Blind John Davis, among others. In 1939, during a
session for Bluebird Records with the pianist Joshua Altheimer,
Johnson used an electric guitar for the first time. He recorded 34
tracks for Bluebird over the next five years, including the hits
"He's a Jelly Roll Baker" and "In Love Again".
After World War II, Johnson made the transition to rhythm and
blues, recording for King in Cincinnati and having a hit in 1948
with "Tomorrow Night" written by Sam Coslow and Will
Grosz. The topped the Billboard Race Records chart for 7 weeks and
reached number 19 on the pop chart with sales of three million
copies. A blues ballad with piano accompaniment and background
singers, the song bore little resemblance to much of Johnson's
earlier blues and jazz material. The follow-ups "Pleasing
You", "So Tired", and "Confused" were
also R & B hits. In 1952 Johnson toured England. Tony Donegan,
a British musician who played on the same bill, paid tribute to
Johnson by changing his name to Lonnie Donegan. Johnson's
performances are thought to have been received poorly by British
audiences; this may have been due to organizational problems with
the tour. After returning to the United States, Johnson moved to
Philadelphia. He worked in a steel foundry and as a janitor. In
1959 he was working at the Benjamin Franklin Hotel in Philadelphia
in 1959 when WHAT-FM disc jockey Chris Albertson located him and
produced Blues by Lonnie Johnson for Bluesville Records. This was
followed by other Prestige albums, including one (Blues &
Ballads) with the former Ellington boss Elmer Snowden, who had
helped Albertson locate Johnson. Snowden had been the original
bandleader of the Washingtonians, which Ellington took over after
Snowden vacated the position and made into the famous Ellington
orchestra. There followed a Chicago engagement for Johnson at the
Playboy Club. This succession of events placed him back on the
music scene at a fortuitous time: young audiences were embracing
folk music, and many veteran performers were stepping out of
obscurity. Johnson was reunited with Duke Ellington and appeared
as a guest at an all-star folk concert. In 1961, Johnson was
reunited with his Okeh recording partner Victoria Spivey for
another Prestige album, Idle Hours, and the two singers performed
at Gerdes Folk City. In 1963 he toured Europe as part of the
American Folk Blues Festival with Muddy Waters and others and
recorded an album with Otis Spann in Denmark. In May 1965, he
performed at a club in Toronto before an audience of four people.
Two weeks later, his shows at a different club attracted a larger
audience, and Johnson, encouraged by Toronto's relative racial
harmony, decided to move to the city. He opened his club, Home of
the Blues, on Toronto's Yorkville Avenue in 1966, but it was a
business failure, and Johnson was fired by the man who became
owner. Through the rest of the decade, he recorded, played clubs
in Canada, and embarked on several regional tours. In March 1969
he was hit by a car while walking on a sidewalk in Toronto. He was
seriously injured, suffering a broken hip and kidney injuries. A
benefit concert was held on May 4, 1969, with two dozen acts that
included Ian and Sylvia Tyson, John Lee Hooker, and Hagood Hardy.
He never fully recovered from his injuries and suffered what was
described as a stroke. He was able to return to the stage for one
performance at Massey Hall on February 23, 1970, walking with the
aid of a cane, to sing a couple songs with Buddy Guy; Johnson
received a standing ovation. Lonnie Johnson died on June 16, 1970
died in Toronto, Ontario, Canada aged 71 of an apparent stroke
brought on by an auto accident in March 1969. A funeral was held
at Mount Hope Cemetery in Toronto by his friends and fellow
musicians, but his family members insisted on transferring the
body to Philadelphia where he was buried. He was virtually broke.
The Killer Blues Headstone project, a nonprofit organization that
places headstones on unmarked graves of blues musicians, purchased
a headstone for Johnson around 2014. A funeral was held at Mount
Hope Cemetery in Toronto by his friends and fellow musicians, but
his family members insisted on transferring the body to
Philadelphia. Johnson's early recordings are the first guitar
recordings that display a single-note soloing style with string
bending and vibrato. Johnson pioneered this style of guitar
playing on records, and his influence is obvious in the playing of
Django Reinhardt, T-Bone Walker and virtually all electric blues
guitarists. One of Elvis Presley's earliest recordings was a
version of Johnson's blues ballad "Tomorrow Night",
written by Sam Coslow and Will Grosz. Presley's vocal phrasing
mimics Johnson's, and many of Presley's signature vibrato and
baritone sounds can be heard in development. "Tomorrow Night"
was also recorded by LaVern Baker and (in 1957) by Jerry Lee
Lewis. In the liner notes for the album Biograph, Bob Dylan
described his encounters with Johnson in New York City. "I
was lucky to meet Lonnie Johnson at the same club I was working
and I must say he greatly influenced me. You can hear it in that
first record. I mean Corrina, Corrina...that's pretty much Lonnie
Johnson. I used to watch him every chance I got and sometimes he'd
let me play with him. I think he and Tampa Red and of course
Scrapper Blackwell, that's my favorite style of guitar playing."
In his autobiography, Chronicles, Vol. 1, Dylan wrote about the
performing method he learned from Lonnie Johnson and remarked that
Robert Johnson had learned a lot from Lonnie Johnson. Some of
Robert Johnson's songs are seen as new versions of songs recorded
by Lonnie Johnson.
https://store.earthstation1.com/that-rhythm-those-blues-dvd-american-black-rampb-music-history.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
History Of Jazz A Video Retrospective DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
Today, June 16, 2026June 16, 1939: #DOTD: #RIP: Chick Webb,
African American jazz and swing music drummer and band leader (b.
February 10, 1905) #dies of Pott disease, also known as
tuberculosis of the spine, in Baltimore. Reportedly his last words
were, "I'm sorry, I've got to go." Webb was buried in
Baltimore County, in Arbutus Memorial Park, in Arbutus, Maryland.
On February 12, 1940 a crowd of about 7,500 people attended a
Chick Webb Benefit in Baltimore, Maryland. In attendance were
Sally Webb, Chick's widow, his mother Marie Webb, his sister Mabel
Porter, Governor Herbert R. O'Conor, Fitzgerald and boxing
champion Joe Louis. Chick Webb was born William Henry Webb in
Baltimore, Maryland, From childhood, he suffered from tuberculosis
of the spine, leaving him with short stature and a badly deformed
spine; which caused him to appear hunchbacked. The idea of playing
an instrument was suggested by his doctor to "loosen up"
his bones. He supported himself as a newspaper boy to save enough
money to buy drums, and first played professionally at age 11. At
the age of 17 he moved to New York City and by 1926 was leading
his own band in Harlem. He alternated between band tours and
residencies at New York City clubs through the late 1920s. In
1931, his band became the house band at the Savoy Ballroom. He
became one of the best-regarded bandleaders and drummers of the
new "swing" style. Drummer Buddy Rich cited Webb's
powerful technique and virtuoso performances as heavily
influential on his own drumming, and even referred to Webb as "the
daddy of them all". Webb was unable to read music, and
instead memorized the arrangements played by the band and
conducted from a platform in the center. He used custom-made
pedals, goose-neck cymbal holders, a 28-inch bass drum and other
percussion instruments. Although his band was not as influential
and revered in the long term, it was feared in the battle of the
bands. The Savoy often featured "Battle of the Bands"
where Webb's band would compete with other top bands (such as the
Benny Goodman Orchestra or the Count Basie Orchestra) from
opposing bandstands. By the end of the night's battles the dancers
seemed always to have voted Chick's band as the best. Webb married
Martha Loretta Ferguson (also known as "Sallyee"), and
in 1935 he began featuring a teenaged Ella Fitzgerald as vocalist.
Together Chick and Ella would electrify the Swing Era of jazz with
hits such as "A-Tisket a Tasket", which was composed by
Van Alexander at Fitzgerald's request. Despite rumors to the
contrary, "Ella was not adopted by Webb, nor did she live
with him and his wife, Sallye," according to Stuart Nicholson
in his Fitzgerald biography. In November 1938, Webb's health began
to decline; for a time, however, he continued to play, refusing to
give up touring so that his band could remain employed during the
Great Depression. He disregarded his own discomfort and fatigue,
which often found him passing out from physical exhaustion after
finishing sets. Finally, he had a major operation at Johns Hopkins
Hospital in Baltimore in 1939. Webb died from spinal tuberculosis
on June 16, 1939, in Baltimore. Reportedly his last words were,
"I'm sorry, I've got to go." He was roughly 34 years
old. Webb was buried just outside Baltimore, in Arbutus Memorial
Park, in Arbutus, Maryland. Webb's death hit the jazz/swing
community very hard. After his death, Fitzgerald led the Chick
Webb band until she left to focus on her solo career in 1942 and
caused the band to disband. Art Blakey and Ellington both credited
Webb with influencing their music. Gene Krupa credited Webb with
raising drummer awareness and paving the way for drummer-led bands
like his own. Webb's thundering solos created a complexity and an
energy that paved the way for Rich (who studied him intensely) and
Louie Bellson.
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-history-of-jazz-by-billy-taylor-parts-i-amp-ii-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Rock &
Roll An Unruly History 10 Part TV Series MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, June 16, 2026June 16, 1941: #BOTD: #HBD! Lamont
Dozier, African American singer, songwriter, and record producer,
co-author and producer of 14 US Billboard number-one hits and four
number ones in the UK, best known as a member of the
Holland-Dozier-Holland songwriting and production team, one of
history's greatest songwriting combo generallyof the 1960s
particularly and of Motown Records especially, responsible for
much of the Motown sound and numerous hit records by artists such
as Martha and the Vandellas, The Supremes, The Four Tops, and The
Isley Brothers (d. August 8, 2022) is #born Lamont Herbert Dozier
in Detroit, Michigan. Along with Brian Holland, Dozier served as
the team's musical arranger and producer, while Eddie Holland
concentrated mainly on lyrics and vocal production. Along with the
Holland Brothers, Dozier followed his work for Motown Records as
founder and owner of Invictus Records and Hot Wax Records,
producing top-charting hits for acts Freda Payne, Honey Cone,
Chairmen of the Board, and 100 Proof Aged in Soul. Dozier died at
his home near Scottsdale, Arizona at the age of 81. His burial
details are not publicly disclosed.
https://store.earthstation1.com/rock-amp-roll-an-unruly-history-10-part-tv-series-mp4-video-download-104.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Offshore Pirate Radio 1960s-1980s MP3s DVD, Audio Download, USB
Drive
Today, June 16, 2026June 16, 1999: #DOTD: #RIP: Screaming
Lord Sutch, also known as 3rd Earl of Harrow, English singer and
activist (b. November 10, 1940) #dies; he had a history of
depression, and after his mother had died, he went into a severe
depression, and killed himself by hanging at his late mother's
house some six weeks later. At the inquest, his fiancee Yvonne
Elwood said he had manic depression, now known as bipolar
disorder. Sutch is buried beside his mother in Pinner New Cemetery
(Section J2, Grave 27), Middlesex. He is survived by a son,
Tristan Lord Gwynne Sutch, born in 1975 to American model Thann
Rendessy. In 1991 his autobiography, Life as Sutch: The Official
Autobiography of a Raving Loony (written with Peter Chippindale),
was published. In 2005 Graham Sharpe, who had known him since the
late 1960s, wrote the first biography, The Man Who Was Screaming
Lord Sutch. Screaming Lord Sutch born David Edward Sutch at New
End Hospital in Hampstead, North London, England. Screaming Lord
Sutch was the founder of the Official Monster Raving Loony Party
and served as its leader from 1983 to 1999, during which time he
stood in numerous parliamentary elections. He holds the record for
losing more than 40 elections in which he stood from 1963 to 1997.
As a singer he variously worked with Keith Moon, Jeff Beck, Jimmy
Page, Ritchie Blackmore, Charlie Watts, John Bonham, Kent Henry,
Noel Redding and Nicky Hopkins, a group known collectively as Lord
Sutch and Heavy Friends. He was the inspiration for the character
Screaming Lord Byron in David Bowie's music video Blue Jean.
Sutch's album Lord Sutch and Heavy Friends was named in a 1998 BBC
poll as the worst album of all time, a status it also held in
Colin Larkin's book The Top 1000 Albums of All Time,] despite the
fact that 1) Jimmy Page, John Bonham, Jeff Beck, Noel Redding and
Nicky Hopkins performed on it and helped write it, and 2) since
the music was a put-on, its charm lies in it's being perfectly
beautifully and charmingly awful.
https://store.earthstation1.com/offshore-pirate-radio-2-dual-layer-mp3-dvds-uk-amp-euro23.html